|
John Elliot (1732 – 20 September 1808) was a Scottish officer of the Royal Navy who served during the Seven Years' War and the American War of Independence. He rose to the rank of Admiral, and served briefly as colonial governor of Newfoundland. Elliot was born into the gentry in Scotland, and entered the navy. Little is known about his early service, but he received a promotion to post-captain during the Seven Years' War, and commanded the 32-gun frigate with distinction, first capturing a small French frigate, and then taking command of a squadron of three ships and bringing to action the notorious privateer François Thurot, who had been raiding the coast of Ireland in 1760. After a short but bitter engagement, Thurot was killed and his ships captured. Elliot was widely hailed as a hero and he and his captains received several rewards. He commanded several other ships during the remainder of the war, and after a period of unemployment during the peace, returned to active service during the American War of Independence. His service in this conflict involved carrying the members of the Carlisle Peace Commission to America, and playing a minor role in operations off the coast, before returning to European waters. He was present at the relief of Gibraltar and the Battle of Cape St Vincent with Admiral Sir George Rodney, and saw action at the Battle of Ushant with Admiral Richard Kempenfelt. Promoted to flag rank after the end of the war he served as governor of Newfoundland during the peace, but was unable to take any commands during the French Revolutionary Wars owing to his infirmity, and died in 1808 with the rank of admiral. ==Family and early life== Elliot was born in Scotland in 1732, the fourth son of Sir Gilbert Elliott, 2nd Baronet and his wife Helen. Little is known about his early life but he joined the Royal Navy after graduating from the Royal Naval Academy, Portsmouth in 1740, and went aboard in July that year.〔 From there he went to the hospital ship , and after a period probably spent in the merchant service, Elliot served aboard and , and for two years aboard the sloop .〔 He passed his lieutenant's examination on 1 May 1752, though he did not receive a commission until 30 April 1756, when he joined .〔 It was about this time that his brother, Gilbert Elliot, who had entered parliament, became one of the Lords of the Admiralty, and so was able to speed his brother's rise through the ranks.〔 John Elliot was promoted to commander on 21 January 1757 and then advanced to post-captain on 5 April 1757.〔 His first appointment was to command with the Channel Fleet, and he took part in the reconnaissance of Rochefort in early 1758.〔 In November 1758 he was appointed to the newly launched 32-gun . On 19 March 1759, while sailing off Brittany in company with the 50-gun came across a squadron of four French corvettes escorting a convoy.〔 While the convoy and two frigates fled, pursued by ''Isis'', the remaining two French ships, the 36-gun ''Blonde'' and the 20-gun ''Mignonne'' came up to prevent ''Aeolus'' from following. Elliot fought an action with the ''Mignonne'', capturing her after a hard-fought engagement, though ''Blonde'' escaped.〔 The battle cost ''Mignone'' the lives of her commander, and many of her crew, with the second captain and 25 men being wounded. ''Aeolus''s casualties amounted to two or three men wounded.〔 Elliot spent the rest of the year cruising off the French coast with Sir Edward Hawke's fleet, and on 27 December sailed on a cruise from Quiberon Bay with the 64-gun .〔 The ships were caught in bad weather, and on being unable to reach the appointed rendezvous point of Groix, and with provisions running low, Elliot made instead for Kinsale to resupply, putting in there on 21 January 1760.〔 He remained trapped there by the weather, and while waiting for the opportunity to sail again a letter reached him from the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, the Duke of Bedford, asking for assistance. The French privateer François Thurot had landed near Carrickfergus with several ships and had occupied the town. The letter had been sent to all the ports in the hopes of there being ships available to intercept the French, but no ships were stationed on the coast, and only by chance was Elliot at Kinsale. Also there sheltering from the weather were the 36-gun ships and .〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Elliot (Royal Navy officer)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|